Система аксиальной инжекции циклотрона У-400 М

• Автор: Эль-Шазли Мохамед Нашаат Мохамед
• Шифр специальности: 01.04.20
• Научная степень: Кандидатская
• Год защиты: 1999
• Место защиты: Дубна
• Количество страниц: 110 с. : ил.

INTRODUCTION
Cyclotrons
Ion Sources
Neutral Beam Injection
Median plane ion injection
Helical axial injection
Axial Injection systems
Fundamentals of beam transport
The U-400M Cyclotron
Motivation of This study
Outline of Thesis
CHAPTER
BEAM TRANSMISSION LINE AND THE OPTICAL ELEMENTS
The main concept
The beam line
Coil Design
Solenoid lens
Charge Analysis of the BEAM and the bending magnet
Solenoids
The Fringing magnetic field
Steering magnet
Buncher
CHAPTER
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION AND THE TRANSMISSION FACTOR DUE TO THE CHARGE EXCHANGE CROSS SECTION IN THE AXIAL INJECTION SYSTEM OF
THE U-400M CYCLOTRON
Introduction
Pressure distribution
Program versions
Vacuum system
Transmission factor
Results
CHAPTER
INFLECTOR AND CENTRAL REGION
Inflector Types
The Electrostatic Mirror
Spiral Inflector
The Hyperboloid Inflector
The Parabolic Inflector
The inflector of the .axial injection system
The central region
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
Cyclotrons
Ion Sources
Neutral Beam Injection
Median plane ion injection
Helical axial injection
Axial Injection systems
Fundamentals of beam transport
The U-400M Cyclotron
Motivation of This study
Outline of Thesis
CHAPTER
BEAM TRANSMISSION LINE AND THE OPTICAL ELEMENTS
The main concept
The beam line
Coil Design
Solenoid lens
Charge Analysis of the BEAM and the bending magnet
Solenoids
The Fringing magnetic field
Steering magnet
Buncher
CHAPTER
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION AND THE TRANSMISSION FACTOR DUE TO THE CHARGE EXCHANGE CROSS SECTION IN THE AXIAL INJECTION SYSTEM OF THE U-400M CYCLOTRON
Introduction
Pressure distribution
Program versions
Vacuum system
Transmission factor
Results
CHAPTER
INFLECTOR AND CENTRAL REGION
Inflector Types
The Electrostatic Mirror
Spiral Inflector
The Hyperboloid Inflector
The Parabolic Inflector
The inflector of the axial injection system
The central region
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
Cyclotrons
The development of nuclear physics lead to the construction of many huge machines that enabled us to achieve more developed and complicated investigation in the field. The types of cyclic charged particle accelerators played a significant role in the development of the experimental set-up possibilities in the nuclear research. The cyclotron is one of these machines. Cyclotrons were subjected to many stages of improvement. The whole process of the cyclotron improvement can be summarised in five stages. The first stage began in 1929 when conceived the idea of non-relativistic isochronous cyclotron. The first cyclotron was built in 1931 at the university of California in Berkeley-USA by E.O. Lowrence and M.S. Livingstone. Tlus kind of the cyclotron was capable of acceleratmg high current beam to non-relativistic energies (v/c « 0.1 or a kinetic energy of about 12 MeV for protons).
The U-300 heavy ion accelerator is a cyclotron of a classical type. It is designed for acceleration of heave ions from B to Zn to the energies of about 5 up to 10 MeV/nucleon. The cyclotron was started in 1960 at the Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, USSR). The accelerator was designed and built at the enterprises of the USSR. The U-300 cyclotron is equipped with a powerful pulsed cyclotron source of an arc type with a heated cathode.
The second stage was required when, the quest for a solution to reach a higher energies was strongly stimulated. The development of the relativistic frequency modulated (FM) synchrocyclotron has began when two proposals was independently published by V. Veksler [1] and E.M, McMillan [2]. These cyclotrons do have a radially decreasing magnetic field in order to enhance axial focusing, but in order to reach relativistic energies the frequency has to be lowered while the particles are accelerated. The 'T 84-inch” synchrocyclotron in

Ec=Gp(NI)~/Ac therefore
Ec=GF(Nl)j

where:
Ec is energy loss in coil,
Gf is a geometrical constant.
Therefore, for constant NT, loss varies as j.
Magnet capital costs (coil & yoke materials, plus assembly, testing and transport) vary as the size of the magnetic element i.e. as the length of the bending magnet or the solenoid.
If we obtain the required dnnensions for the solenoids and the bending magnet, tire length and resistance of the conductor can be calculated and the coolant flow determined. This can be derived from the formula [37]:
Where:
AP = pressure drop (Bar)
I = flow path length or conductor length (m) q = water flow rate (litres/nun) a = flow area (mm2)
The water temperature rise (K) is given by:
(10)
42c
Where I is the total current (A), R is the conductor resistance (ohm)